• Age over 40
• Male
• SmokingChronic sinusitis
• Nasal polyps (particularly in cases of inverted papilloma)
• HPV (human papillomavirus) infection (inverted papilloma)
• EBV infection (in cases of T cell lymphoma)
• Asian or South American ancestry (T cell lymphoma)
• Certain autoimmune diseases (B cell lymphoma)
• Neurofibromatosis (in sarcomas)
• Occupational exposure to certain chemicals or dust – such jobs include:
  
  • Furniture manufacturing
  • Sawmill work
  • Woodworking (carpentry)
  • Shoemaking
  • Leather tanning
  • Metal plating
  • Flour mill or bakery work
  • Welding/soldering

            Suspect substances include:

• Nickel compounds
• Chromium compounds
• Lacquers
• Mineral oils
• Wood dust