As an avid cook, Marianna Koczywas, M.D., knows just how delicious wild mushrooms can taste in her gastronomic creations. As a physician, she also knows that many of her patients, especially those from Asian cultures, consume shiitake mushrooms for their reputed immune-boosting powers.
“For centuries, people have used medicinal mushrooms to improve health,” said Koczywas, medical oncologist at City of Hope.
 Marianna Koczywas studies the potential of mushroom extract in lung cancer. (Photo by Alicia di Rado) |
Koczywas recently brought her interest in culinary ingredients together with her drive to find better treatment options for lung cancer patients. She serves as principal investigator at City of Hope for a new phase I clinical trial evaluating MM-10-001, an investigational drug that comes from the shiitake mushroom, or Lentinula edodes.
The drug is a liquid and incorporates Lentinan, a derivative from the main body of the mushroom.
As Koczywas explained, not only do shiitake mushrooms taste good, but they contain key components called beta-glucans.
“In the recent past, clinical research showed that beta-glucans found in certain medicinal mushrooms could exert immune-enhancing activity,” she said. And studies in animal models show that these beta-glucans can stimulate white blood cells and increase production of cytokines, small molecules that send signals to immune cells.
Lentinan does not attack cancer cells directly, but may produce an antitumor effect by activating different immune responses in the body.
As Koczywas notes, researchers see abnormalities in the immune systems of patients with advanced lung cancer, especially depletion of certain T cells and B cells, which are important to the body’s defenses. Researchers want to find out if the drug MM-10-001 can improve immune function for those with lung cancer.
Koczywas’ study will investigate the safety and side effects for escalating doses of the substance among patients with advanced metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Study participants will take the liquid drug MM-10-001 orally every day.
With the help of Michael Kalos, Ph.D., director of the Clinical Immunobiology Correlative Studies Laboratory, Koczywas also will look for signs of immune response in study participants, such as changes in levels of cytokines including interleukin 2 and interleukin 4. Senior biostatistician Paul Frankel, Ph.D., and the Department of Pharmacy’s Sharon Denison, Pharm.D., will participate as well.
Norwegian company GlycaNova AS sponsors the study.
| About shiitake Lentinula edodes is an edible mushroom native to East Asia. It is generally known in the English-speaking world by its Japanese name, shiitake, which means “shii mushroom.” Shii is the Japanese name of the tree that provides the dead logs on which the shiitake is typically cultivated. |