Lump on Testicle or Scrotal Mass

June 8, 2026

This page was reviewed under our medical and editorial policy by Alexander Chehrazi-Raffle, M.D., assistant professor, Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope®Duarte Cancer Center and Ali Zhumkhawala, M.D., associate professor, Department of Surgery, City of Hope® Duarte Cancer Center. 

Swelling or lumps in the testicles may be concerning, but most testicular lumps are not cancer. A lump in the testicle may be caused by other, noncancerous conditions.

This overview is designed to help patients learn more about different types of testicular masses and what may be the cause.

What Is a Testicular Lump?

A testicular lump is a mass or cyst that may be caused by a number of factors, including fluid buildup, a weakened area (hernia) or infection. The testicle may be swollen or lumpy as a result. The affected testicle may feel heavy, and one may appear larger than the other. Patients may feel pain or discomfort.

If men notice any changes in testicular size, shape, color or feeling, or if they have any discomfort, they should seek medical advice.

Testicular Cyst Versus Cancer

A lump caused by testicular cancer may feel different from a benign cyst. A cyst is made up of fluid, pus, air or other material. A cancerous tumor is solid. A cyst may feel soft and squishy, while a cancerous lump is apt to feel firmer. An early-stage tumor caused by cancer may be about the size of a marble, but may grow larger if left untreated.

A medical diagnosis is required to confirm the presence of cancer, so patients who notice any changes to their testicles during a testicular cancer self-exam should always seek medical advice.

Types of Testicular Cysts or Benign Masses

Several types of benign (noncancerous) masses or cysts may occur within the testicles. These include the following.

Spermatocele: A spermatocele is a cyst, or type of fluid-filled sac, that occurs in the epididymis (a tube attached to each testicle that helps move sperm through the body), and it is more common with age.

Epididymitis: Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis. It may lead to swelling and discomfort and is often caused by a bacterial infection.

Orchitis: An inflammation of one or both testicles is referred to as orchitis. It may cause discomfort and may be caused by bacterial or viral infections.

Hydrocele: A hydrocele is a buildup of fluid that causes painless swelling within the scrotum. It is more likely in older men, but also may happen due to injury or infection. One testicle, or both, may feel like a small water balloon. It is usually harmless.

Hematocele: A hematocele is an accumulation of blood within a body cavity, such as the scrotum or testicle.

Varicocele: When the veins within the scrotum become enlarged, this is called a varicocele. These varicose-like veins may be uncomfortable, and they may impair fertility.

Inguinal hernia: An inguinal hernia occurs when part of the intestine pushes through a weak part of the lower abdomen. This may cause swelling in the groin area.

Testicular torsion: When a cord supporting the testicles twists within the scrotum, this is called testicular torsion. It cuts off blood supply to the testicles and may cause permanent damage. This may occur during sleep or as a result of an injury or strenuous exercise.