Testicular Cancer Symptoms and Signs

November 22, 2024

This page was reviewed under our medical and editorial policy by Alexander Chehrazi-Raffle, M.D., assistant professor, Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope^® Cancer Center Duarte

Testicular cancer, which starts in the testicles of the male reproductive system, may cause various signs and symptoms. A symptom is a change in the body that a patient notices, such as pain or swelling. A sign is an objective indicator noticed by a patient’s health care team, such as the results of a laboratory test.

Symptoms of Testicular Cancer

While many men notice symptoms of testicular cancer, others do not. In some cases, men experience no symptoms, and their cancer is detected during routine medical visits.

The most common symptoms of testicular cancer may include:

• Swelling in the testicle or scrotum, as if it is heavy or sore
• A lump or mass in one or both testicles, which may or may not be painful
• Sudden buildup of fluid within the scrotum
• One testicle feeling harder or larger than the other — it is normal for one testicle to hang lower and be slightly bigger than the other
• Tenderness in breast tissue, which may begin to grow (gynecomastia)

If testicular cancer has spread to other areas, patients may notice:

• Soreness or a dull ache in the lower abdomen
• Shortness of breath or swollen legs if cancer has caused a blood clot
• Chest or stomach pain, as well as breathing difficulties

Patients should seek medical advice if they notice any of these changes. The care team may evaluate the patient for any testicular lumps or other signs and symptoms, or perform diagnostic testing for testicular cancer.

Does Testicular Cancer Hurt?

Often, testicular cancer does not cause pain. However, some of the symptoms may cause discomfort, such as heaviness in the scrotum or lower back pain. Pain in the testicles or scrotum may be caused by other, noncancerous health conditions, so patients who are experiencing unexplained discomfort should talk to a doctor.